民法の一部を改正する法律等 (案) 【逐条解説】

民間法制審議会中間試案,概要及び詳細

 

 

 

 

 

現在、日本の家族法(親権法)は法務省法制審議会家族法制部会で審議された中間試案(以下,法務省中間試案)をベースとして法務省法制審議会で審議されています。

 

しかしこの法務省中間試案は共同親権(監護権を含む)とは程遠い試案であり、見せかけだけの共同親権法改正を企てる法務省法制審議会委員達の思惑により、これまでと何ら変わりないどころか更に親子を引き裂く実質的な単独親権制度となる様に制度設計がされている。この法務省中間試案では日本の単独親権制の諸問題である"実子誘拐"や親子の不当な引き離しを助長しかねない試案であり、尚且つ非常に理解しにくい立法で、共同親権とは名ばかりの、いわゆる"似て非なる"親権法である。法務省中間試案にはいくつか共同親権と呼べる案も含まれてはいるものの、その立法は非常に曖昧なものであり"共同親権"という言葉すら表現に用いておらず、どの案件を選択しようと、全体の案を読み解き実際に法施行された場合の状況を考えると実質的に単独親権となる、あるいは単独親権制に近い立法となる。

例えば、分かりやすいのは親権者と監護権者を分別し、親権者であっても子の主たる養育に関われない事態になる。更に夫婦の互いが離婚後の監護権者や親権者指定をしない場合であれば実質的に共同親権となり得る筈であるが、法務省中間試案にはこれを実現させない様に"主たる監護者"の指定(海外の観念では主たる監護者を指定したとしても主な子の居住地を子、又は子が決定出来ない場合は親が決定するだけであり、それにより別居親が会えなくなる事は無い)を海外の観念と見せかけて取り入れ、主たる監護者がこれまでの様に多大な権限を持たなくても養育権に絡めた法解釈を変更し親子断絶を容易に出来るシステムとなっている。これは新DV法の成立と絡めて親権法に新DV法を反映させる等の工作をしているのも法務省中間試案を深く読込み解釈をすれば良く分かる。

それに対比するのが民間法制審議会中間試案(以下、民間法制審案)だ。

＊民間法制審案の概要詳細リンクは参考動画上に貼付け

法務省中間試案に危機感を抱いた北村晴男弁護士等を中心として構成され試案された民間法制審案は、一部を除いて先進各国とほぼ同等な共同親権案である。この試案はこれまでの様な実子を連れ去る行為も速やかに解決し、離婚後の親子交流の断絶も解決出来る。更に親子を引き離す行為にはペナルティが課せられ、子の意思に関係無く一方の親が親子断絶を行う行為は禁止となり、現在の様に大きな社会問題となっている親子断絶も解決出来る。DV問題にしても、これまでの様な虚偽DV問題も解決でき、更に本当のDV行為や養育費不払い問題にも対応し、DVを行なった者への親権停止措置、養育費不払い行為にもペナルティが課せられるといった、世界基準の共同親権法案である。

現在、国民の意見を問う法務省のパブリックコメントには法務省の中間試案に対してのパブリックコメントであり、自民党法務部会も推進する民間法制審案がパブリックコメント対象にならないのも非常に不合理である。日本の子供達、又は家族が幸せになる立法案であるのは民間法制審案であるのは明白であると感じる。

この「民間法制審議会中間試案の立法を求める」賛同署名は、法務省パブリックコメント終了直後には法務省等、然るべき管轄庁へ提出し実現を目指す。

是非、日本の子供達、私達の子供達の未来をより良くする社会の実現と、家族間の争いが起きず、皆が幸せになる為に、子供が幸せになる為にご賛同を頂きたいと思っています。子供の人権を大切にし、子を尊重し愛おしみ、親子が引き離される悲しみが無い平和な社会へ。何卒賛同を宜しくお願い致します。

・Description.

Currently, the Ministry of Justice is soliciting public comments on Japanese family law (custody law) based on an interim draft discussed by the Family Law Subcommittee of the Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice (hereinafter referred to as the "Ministry of Justice Interim Draft").

However, the Ministry of Justice Interim Draft is far from joint (shared) parental rights (including custody), and is designed to be a system that is no different from the previous one, and in fact will further tear parents and children apart, according to the intentions of the members of the Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice, who plan to revise the joint (shared) custody law only for appearances. The Ministry of Justice's Interim Proposal is a very difficult piece of legislation to understand and is not a "joint (shared) custody" law in name only, but a so-called "falsely similar" custody law, as it would encourage "kidnapping/abduction" and unjust separation of parents and children, which are the problems of the sole custody system in Japan. Although the Ministry of Justice Interim Proposal includes several proposals that could be called joint (shared) custody, the legislation is very vague and does not even use the term "joint (shared) custody" in its wording, and no matter which proposal is selected, if one reads the entire proposal and considers the situation when the legislation is actually enforced, it would effectively be sole custody, or it would be legislation quite similar to a sole custody system.

For example, the most obvious example is that the parent with parental rights and the custodian (who lives with children and takes care of them) would be separated, and even the parent with parental rights would not be able to be involved in the primary upbringing of the child. Furthermore, if both spouses do not designate a custodian or parent with parental rights after the divorce, the couple would effectively have joint (shared) custody, but the Ministry of Justice's interim proposal does not allow this to happen by designating a "primary custodian" (in the overseas concept, even if a primary custodian is designated, the child's primary place of residence is determined by the child, or if the child cannot decide, by the parent, and there is no circumstance that separated parent cannot meet his/her children). This system is designed to facilitate the separation of parent and child by changing the interpretation of the law in relation to child custody without the primary caretaker having a great deal of authority as before. This is also clearly shown by reading and interpreting the Ministry of Justice's interim draft in-depth, as it is tied to the passage of the new domestic violence law and is designed to reflect the new domestic violence law in the custody law.

In contrast to this is the Interim Proposal of the Civilian Legislative Council (hereafter referred to as the "Civilian Legislative Council Proposal"). The private-sector draft, which was proposed by Mr. Haruo Kitamura, a lawyer and others who felt threatened by the Ministry of Justice's interim draft, is a joint (shared) custody proposal that, with a few exceptions, is almost equal to those of other developed countries. This proposal will quickly solve the problem of kidnapping/abduction of a biological child, as has been the case in the past, and will also solve the problem of disconnection of parent-child communication/relation after a divorce. In addition, the proposal would impose a penalty on the act of separating a parent and child, and prohibit the act of one parent separating a parent and child regardless of the child's will, thereby resolving the current major social problem of parent-child separation. It is a world-standard joint (shared) parental rights bill that would also address the problems of real domestic violence and non-payment of child support, and would impose measures such as suspension of parental rights for those who commit domestic violence and penalties for those who fail to pay child support.

Currently, the Ministry of Justice's public comments on the public's opinions are public comments on the Ministry of Justice's interim draft. It is highly unreasonable that the Civilian Legislative Council Proposal, which the LDP's Legal Affairs Subcommittee is also promoting, is not subject to public comment. We feel that it is obvious that the Civilian Legislative Council Proposal is the one that will make the children and families of Japan happy.

We will submit the signatures to the Ministry of Justice and other appropriate authorities immediately after the public comment period is over, in order to make the Civilian Legislative Council Proposal a reality.

We would very much appreciate your support for the realization of a society that will better the future of our children, and for the happiness of our children, so that there will be no conflict between families and everyone will be happy. We are committed to a peaceful society where children's human rights are respected and loved, where parents and children are not separated, and where there is no sadness. We hope you will support us.